Future Value - What It Is, Where It Came From, And Why It Drives Our Species Forward, In More Ways Than One
Stonehenge is somewhat of an enigma. No-one knows who truly built it, or why. And considering that is was built over the course of some 1,500 years, in three stages, the puzzle just grows.
While watching a documentary on it, some boffin reckons that it was not built for sun worship, it was built for moon worship. He reckons it went like this...
We used to worship the moon. The moon was associated with women, and the sun with men. Men would hunt during the night. And everything was hunky-dory. Until, that is, the ice-age gave way to a period of global warming. For then, the large herd animals, which he reckons we fed on, all went away and we found it too hard to hunt small animals, like rabbits. And after a thousand years of trying to live off animals like rabbits, we gave up. And we were forced to begin farming - planting seeds and growing them. This shift required us to pay attention to the sun and not the moon. So we began worshiping the sun. Therefore the men became the dominant party, and not the women like it had been when we worshiped the moon, and fighting between rival groups of the "owned" land began. In an effort to show the people the moon was still a good thing, Stonehenge was built by a secret cabal of priests. And the proof is, if you imagine it as how some believe it was when it was in its prime; and if you stand at a certain place; then once a year you see the sun pass through a small gap between a certain set of rocks, and once every 18.6 years you see the moon pass between a different but higher gap. And thus, this was to show the people that the sun was copying the moon, but could only do it once a year while the moon did it every month, every 18.6 years.
Apart from the fact we are not nocturnal. And if we didn't have enough plant foods to sustain us, how was there enough to sustain large herds of animals. And if there was enough to feed them during the ice-age, why did they go away when the thaw happened and food for them would have been even more abundant. And how did we survive for a thousand years hunting rabbits if it wasn't enough to provide us with food. And who were this secret cabal of priests that appear in no records anywhere. And how come this "let's show the people it's still ok" took over one thousand years to achieve? And, better not ask too many questions of that theory for fear it will fill it full of holes like a sieve.
Despite the craziness of his theory - that Stonehenge was built to calm down the citizens and show them the moon was still okay - he said a few things about other monuments built around that time. And that got my old gray matter onto a line of thought that leads to the wonderful world we have around us of today. And explains why other third world countries seem doomed to not join us in our evolved society.
The essence of it all is one of events and technology improvements based on our lifestyle, and why.
First, I don't believe we were forced to develop farming as much as he thinks we were. I think more that we did it because we could. It was somewhat easier to plant a crop, let nature do her thing, then eat it. Easier than trying to hunt large game animals that were dwindling in number due to the extensive hunting of them throughout Europe, by a gradually increasing population and due to climate change which may have seen the larger ice-age animals not be suited to a warmer environment.
As farming increased and we became more settled and less nomadic, our territorial claims became more fixed. We fought over our territory, like all animals do, and like we would have done while nomads and hunting our wide territory. The increase in farming also meant, we could increase the size of the population. Because a large population cannot be nomadic, it can only be fixed. And fixed populations tend to grow in size.
The dead which had been left on the side of the road, so to speak, when we were nomadic, now had to be put somewhere. And in the initial instances, they were simply placed in mass-like graves (burial caves). As our societies grew, people began being buried individually. And here in lies a key to a fundamental mind shift. And it is at this point in time we begin to see the mega-structures being built.
To fully understand this you need to know of the Bi-Cameral mind. Without going into too much detail about it, just realize, consciousness as we understand it to be, did not exist way back then. Back then we were nothing more than highly intelligent animals. We had no feelings of remorse or regret as we understand them to be today, just like an animal has no feelings towards other animals of its kind. This is seen in the disposal of the bodies - just dumped with the other dead bodies.
BUT, as we developed consciousness... the mind most of us have today, a realization and self-awareness of the individual takes place. And when dead, individuals are buried individually.
The catalyst to make this happen was larger society. In small groups our minds didn't need the consciousness of today. But to be able to function in a large group, with what we would call right and wrong, we needed to develop a conscious mind.
Now it is interesting that this mind shift can only take place when we are forced to live in larger groups as a society. And this is only possible due to farming.
There is another element that farming brought into our existence. And that is the concept of Future Value.
Future Value, as I use it here, is the idea of trading something today, right now, for a payoff at some point in the future. And this is evident with farming - you trade time and effort now, for food crops later on.
Up until this point, we operated like all other animals - for the now. If we were hungry we hunted and fed our bellies. To satisfy the immediate urge to eat. This mind-set would not allow farming to take place. Only a concept of future value would allow that.
And once future value was a concept that was accepted and understood, we begin to see large structures being built. Because the time and effort devoted to the building now, would have a future pay off.
If we look back to Stonehenge as claimed by this new theory, and even accept some of it, we can appreciate that it was built to give future pay off. And as the society then was heavily reliant on farming, my conclusion is that it was built to monitor the time of the year and the year in general.
Hence, by looking at the stones it could be determined when the summer solstice (longest day) was. And this would have great importance for the planting of crops. And the fact the building was built over many hundreds of years shows a continued use and refinement to "get it right".
This, to me, is a more-easily acceptable theory of why it was built.
Now getting back to future value. If you are reading this, you subscribe to the idea. You go to school for years, for a future job payout. You get a home-loan to live the great dream of home ownership - you are planning for your future. Businesses invest NOW for a hope of future profits. The idea of future value drives our world. And has its origins in farming.
Now look at the third world desolate countries. There is no concept of future value there. There is only immediate values.
Take the middle east, for example. The blatant disregard for life, shows no concept of future value. The nomadic way of life signifies no concept of future value. And the fact all middle east countries that are in the pits, are also those countries without a farming history, and thus no concept of future value.
Look at the dump countries in Africa. Again, tribal conflicts without a farming/agriculture history, and the countries do not progress. They stagnate.
China used to be like that. But as it went agricultural many years ago the country progressed.
In fact, as I look at the countries that previously led the way in technology and those who continue to do so, I see a history of farming. And as I look at countries with continual strife and terrorist activities, I see countries without a history of farming. Without a history of farming there is no concept of future value. And without that, effort is not made today for a future pay off. Effort is made today for a pay off today. Otherwise no effort is made.
Have a look at the Australian Aborigines. They did NOT farm. Hence they did not have a history of future value. And thus created nothing. They did not advance technologically at all. Still not even having invented the wheel by the time Europeans discovered them! And why should they have? They were about satisfying the now, not putting in effort for a future pay off. And sadly, this is reflected in their race today.
Have a look at the American Indians. They too did little farming. Hence, they advanced little because they never learned the idea of future value. And their state today reflects that of the Australian Abos.
Pick an advanced nation and you will see one with a history of farming. Which means a history of future value.
Pick a desolate country and you will see one withOUT a history of farming. Which means no concept of future value so no effort now for a payoff later.
Future value meant people would sit down and spend time and effort to create better tools and equipment and larger buildings, because of what it would mean to them further down the line. And this was only possible with a conscious mind and not an animal-like mind as we used to have.
It is no coincidence that as we developed farming as a result of the idea of future value, and developed a conscious mind as our societies grew as a result of the farming, we advanced technology wise. Because the technology was a direct result of an understanding of future value - time and effort spent now creating more advanced tools because there would be value to be had from doing so, and that value would be had in the future.
The thing with future value and its link to farming is important because our survival was dependent upon it. And, our lifestyle became better because of it. There was an "Action = Reward" in play here.
If there was fighting, as the previously mentioned theory suggests, it wasn't because we suddenly worshipped the sun, it was because those who had no sense of future value needed to satisfy their immediate needs and so would fight against those who were farming for a better life. Your typical band of savages coming to take what isn't theirs. And in a world undergoing such a change, you would expect this to happen. (Typified by the Vikings being attacked and slaughtered by nomadic natives when they first landed in Nova Scotia and set up little farms. Whites being speared by Abos when landing in Australia.)
And in the world of today it is still happening. And mainly in the middle east. Where those who have no sense of future value on this planet, want to take and/or destroy what isn't theirs, to satisfy some immediate desire. It's like... kill and get rewarded; die as a martyr and get rewarded; aim for reward in heaven because no reward was experienced on Earth.
And herein lays a problem with the Muslims. Their entire focus is one of worshipping a deity for a future reward in heaven. But having no experience of a future reward on Earth, which farming would have given them as a society. But because they were not farmers and were nomads and wanderers, their society grew unbalanced. To a state of warlord-dom. Where the gang with the biggest stick rules the day. They are, in essence, adult teenagers with demands of the now. Immature.
Imagine a Palestinian couple. There will not be a thought of, "Honey, let's save enough for a deposit for a house so we can have a place of our own; a sense of belonging." There might be an encouragement to blow one's-self up for a few shekels for the family - so their immediate need is met while too much energy had been spent in looking forward to a time with a deity.
And this ain't gonna change any time soon what with bowing down to a deity five times a day and having that deity be an integral part of existence 24/7.
At least the other religions gave a person a reprieve. Bow down to the deity once a week and farm your land the rest of the time. This enabled those people to experience future value here on Earth. And it was a harder sell to get them to devote their entire being to a future value with a deity. (Yes, the realization of future value was also the beginning of religion as we know it, for religion is all about future value.)
So which came first, future value or a conscious mind?
Future value came first. It had to. Without it we would not have begun to farm. Farming enabled larger societies to form. It was living in those larger societies which saw the release of the conscious mind to help deal with living in a larger society. That conscious mind could then fully exploit future value and technology began to advance in earnest from that point on.
Archaeologists talk about an explosion in advancement. And the conscious mind's awakening is why. Coupled with the awareness of future value the conscious mind was free to create whatever it thought of.
If that meant a structure of stones to help predict time of year so better farming could be done, then so be it. If that meant building large mounds with select holes to observe certain times of the year - for farming practices to be better - then so be it. If that meant experimenting with fire and dirt until metal was created then so be it.
Some researches suggest that as we began to farm our overall health declined. They blame farming directly for this. Whereas I say, it was the larger concentrations of people living together without the usual sanitation, which is to blame. As that problem got sorted out, lifespans increased accordingly.
So anyway. We have a situation where some boffin reckons Stonehenge was built by a secret cabal of priests to worship the sun and the moon. I say it was built as a result of our realization of future value in an effort to know the times of the year for better farming, as farming was our way of life now.
That farming gave us all a sense of future value. And that future value is what gave way to all advancements in our society, as all advancement depends on time and effort being spent now for a value in the future. We spend time in school for better grades for better opportunities to make money with which to save for a better tomorrow. Always with an eye on the future.
Take this entry as an example. I have spent my time and effort to type these thoughts so that someone, at some point in the future, may gain something out of it. They too may realize the truth of what I have written here. And maybe will see the world in a new light of future value. A realization they can pass on to their children and further down the line.
On the other hand, the hunting tribes in Africa, the Australian Aborigines, American Indians, those of the middle east, and so on, do not have a history based on farming and future value. As a result, they have NOT advanced and have stagnated instead. Anything modern they have is a result of someone bringing the advancement to them and showing them how to use it - they did not create it themselves.
But those native people's aren't the only ones to lack a sense of future value. Many teenagers also lack it. This is the basis behind all that teenage angst. Exemplified by the Sex Pistols lyrics in their song "God Save The Queen, "no future, no future, no future for you; no future, no future, no future for me..." With no sense of a value in the future, destroy today to satisfy that passing whim. Go on the dole, get paid sit down money. Prove to yourself there is no future. And why not, mom and dad did the same. Everyone owes me. You know how it goes. All of it stemming from a lack of sense of future value.
That you are reading this is an indication you are the result of a sense of future value. But don't take my word for it. Think about it yourself. Look back at your life and see how you have come to where you are today because you believe, without realizing it, in the concept of future value. Money you put aside for investing or business building or home owning or retirement, is all the result because you believe in future value.
(For an interesting observation on the idea of the Bi-Cameral Mind, see Tim Boucher's entry "Cults and the Bicameral Mind". I especially like his final concluding paragraph, and the one preceding it.)

